RoHS is a compulsory standard established by EU legislation. Its full name is the "Restriction of Hazardous Substances". This standard has been officially implemented since July 1, 2006. It is mainly used to standardize materials and process standards for electronic and electrical products, making it more beneficial to human health and environmental protection. The purpose of this standard is to eliminate lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in electrical and electronic products (note: the correct Chinese name of PBDE refers to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, which is wrong. ) A total of 6 substances, and it is specified that the content of lead cannot exceed 0.1%.
ROHS summary and requirements:
Restricted toxic substances:
· Heavy metals:
-Lead lead;
-Mercury;
-Cadmium cadmium;
-Chromium (VI) hexavalent chromium.
· Certain brominated flame retardants:
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB's);
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE's).
The maximum limit indicators are:
· Cadmium: 0.01% (100 ppm);
· Lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers: 0.1% (1000 ppm).
RoHS directive restricts the use of the following six types of hazardous substances
1. Lead (Pb) Examples of using this substance: solder, glass, PVC stabilizer
2. Examples of the use of mercury (Hg) (mercury): thermostats, sensors, switches and relays, light bulbs
3. Cadmium (Cd) Examples of using the substance: switches, springs, connectors, housings and PCBs, contacts, batteries
4. Examples of the use of hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+): metal with corrosion coating
5. Examples of the use of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB): flame retardants, PCBs, connectors, plastic housings
6. Examples of the use of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE): flame retardants, PCBs, connectors, plastic housings
Testing principles:
According to the EU WEEE & RoHS directive requirements, CES is to split the product according to the material, and detect the harmful substances with different materials. In general:
Metal materials need to test four harmful metal elements such as (Cd cadmium / Pb lead / Hg mercury / Cr6 + hexavalent chromium)
· In addition to checking these four harmful heavy metal elements, plastic materials also need to detect brominated flame retardants (PBBB / PBDE).
At the same time, the packaging materials of different materials also need to be tested separately for heavy metals in packaging materials (94/62 / EEC)
The following are the upper limits of the six hazardous substances specified in RoHS:
Cadmium: less than 100ppm
Lead: less than 1000ppm
Less than 3500ppm in steel alloy
Less than 4000ppm in aluminum alloy
Less than 40,000ppm in copper alloy
Mercury: less than 1000ppm
Hexavalent chromium: less than 1000ppm
Reasons for RoHS
The first notice of heavy metals harmful to human health in electrical and electronic equipment was the discovery of cadmium in the cables of a number of game consoles sold in the Netherlands in 2000. In fact, the solders used in the production of electrical and electronic products and the inks printed on the packaging boxes contain harmful heavy metals such as lead.
When to implement RoHS
The European Union will implement RoHS on July 1, 2006. By then, electrical and electronic products that use or contain flame retardants such as heavy metals and polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE and polybrominated biphenyls PBB will not be allowed to enter the EU market.
RoHS certification scope
27 EU member states: France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, Denmark, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Cyprus, Hungary, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania.
What products does RoHS specifically involve?
RoHS targets all electrical and electronic products that may contain the above six harmful substances in the production process and raw materials, mainly including: daily household appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, water heaters, etc .; black appliances, such as audio and video products , DVD, CD, TV receiver, IT products, digital products, communication products, etc .; electric tools, electric electronic toys, medical electrical equipment
Current progress of RoHS
Some large companies have noticed RoHS and started to take countermeasures. For example, the digital camera of SONY company has stated on the box: This product is lead-free soldered; it is printed with lead-free ink.
The Ministry of Information Industry also issued the "Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Pollution of Electronic Information Products" in 2004, which is similar to RoHS. In October, it established the "Working Group on Standards for the Prevention and Control of Pollution of Electronic Information Products" to study and establish pollution of electronic information products in accordance with China's national conditions Prevention and control standard system; carry out standard research and development and revision work related to the prevention and control of pollution of electronic information products, especially accelerate the formulation of basic standards such as materials, processes, terminology, test methods and test methods urgently needed by the industry.
On July 1, 2011, the European Union issued a new version of the RoHS Directive in the Official Journal (OJ)-Directive 2011/65 / EU.
As a very familiar instruction of China's electronic and electrical product manufacturing enterprises, its introduction process can be described as twists and turns. Due to the differences between the parties during the revision process, this amendment, which was originally intended to be introduced in 2009, has been delayed. In particular, the EU, including the Commission, the European Parliament, the Council, the industry, and NGOs, has held fierce debates on whether to expand the scope of products and restricted substances.
The main differences between 2011/65 / EU and the original RoHS Directive 2002/95 / EU are:
1. Expanded product range: All electrical and electronic products are covered by the directive (including cables and spare parts), but new category 8 medical devices and category 9 surveillance are added. And control instruments (including industrial monitoring instruments) for a certain transition period, in addition, 20 exemptions have been given for these two types of products (listed in Annex IV)
2. Clarified some definitions
3. The scope of controlled substances has not been expanded, and the original limit requirements of the six substances have been maintained. However, in the future review process, it is proposed that priority inspection should be given to substances including DEHP to order the expansion of control in the future. The scope of matter paves the way
4. Removed the producer provisions, and added "manufacturer", "authorised representative", "importer", "distributor" Definition and clear definition of its responsibilities
5. It stipulates that the product must be affixed with the CE mark and CE mark related matters.
This directive will enter into force on the 20th of the OJ, and member states will need to translate it into national law by January 2, 2013.
The release of 2011/65 / EU will have a certain impact on China's electronic and electrical product manufacturing enterprises, especially because medical device products, monitoring and control instrument products are included in the scope of regulation, so these two types of manufacturing enterprises The impact will be huge
In addition, since the CE mark needs to be affixed to electronic and electrical products, it will be a huge challenge for the industry to comply with the requirements of the directive.
Common RoHS detection methods
1. Anion: British Blue Technology Ion Chromatography
After using oxygen bomb combustion and British Blue technology pre-treatment, directly enter the ion chromatography for analysis
2. Cation and its valence:
Can be detected by British Blue cation chromatography, ion selective electrode method, atomic absorption method
Determination of cation element valence can be analyzed by voltammetry
RoHS pronunciation. / rous /
For the detection method, refer to the IEC62321: 2008 electronic and electrical products for the determination of the concentration of six restricted substances
A. First, use XRF for non-destructive screening, which is fast, efficient, non-destructive, and low cost. But there are many interference factors and the error is large.
B. Determination of Pb, Cd, Hg concentration by microwave digestion and acid digestion using AAS or ICP-AES.
C. After Soxhlet extraction, the concentration of polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, etc. was measured by GC-MS.
D. Measure the colorless surface Cr6 + concentration by spot test or boiling water extraction method, or use UV-visible spectrophotometer to test according to EPA3060A.
RoHS certification
RoHS is a compulsory standard established by EU legislation. Its full name is the "Restriction of Hazardous Substances". This standard has been officially implemented since July 1, 2006. It is mainly used to standardize materials and process standards for electronic and electrical products, making it more beneficial to human health and environmental protection. The purpose of this standard is to eliminate six substances including lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in electrical and electronic products, and it is specified that the content of lead cannot exceed 0.1%. The main sources of lead involved are the following categories.
Basic content of EU RoHS and WEEE directives
The European Parliament and the European Commission published the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) and the Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electronic and Electrical Equipment in its Official Gazette on February 13, 2003. (Referred to as "RoHS Directive")
The "RoHS Directive" and "WEEE Directive" stipulate that there are 102 products in ten categories that are included in the restricted management of hazardous substances and the management of scrapping and recycling. The first seven categories of products are the main export electrical products in China. Including large household appliances, small household appliances, information and communication equipment, consumer products, lighting equipment, electrical and electronic tools, toys, leisure and sports equipment, medical equipment (except implanted or infected products), monitoring and control equipment ,vending machine.
On December 3, 2008, the European Union issued amendments to the WEEE Directive (2002/96 / EC) and RoHS Directive (2002/95 / EC). The purpose of this proposal is to create a better regulatory environment, that is, simple, understandable, effective and enforceable regulations. The main contents of the revision of the RoHS directive are:
1. Changed legal terminology and clarified the scope and definition of the directive
2. CE marking and EC declaration of conformity
3. Phasedly incorporate medical devices, control and monitoring equipment into the scope of the RoHS directive;
4. There are no changes in the six restricted harmful substances, but four substances-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), phthalic acid (2-ethylhexyl ester) (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)-Priority assessment required to see if restricted substances will be included in the future
RoHS range:
Only for new products launched on July 1, 2006.
